RESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Athletes are susceptible to oral injuries. To reduce the incidence and severity of oral trauma, a custom-made mouthguard, a device positioned in the mouth to prevent damage to teeth and surrounding structures, is recommended. In field hockey, according to the international rules of this sport, using mouthguards is not mandatory, but it is recommended to wear them at all times while practicing this discipline. We aimed to determine characteristics and differences regarding mouthguard usage among field hockey players from different countries participating in the XII ODESUR Games. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 78 voluntary hockey athletes that met the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire used was validated by Panam Sports, collecting information on the type of mouthguard (custom-made or prefabricated), and the time of use of the mouthguard (range of 5 years). RESULTS: Of the total number of athletes, 96% used mouthguards, of which 64% were custom-made type, and 32% were prefabricated (p < .001). Custom-made mouthguards were used by 100%, 89%, and 64% of athletes in Argentina, Chile, and Peru, respectively, while only 40% of athletes in Paraguay and Uruguay used them. It has also been observed that more than 50% of the individuals have not controlled and replaced their intraoral devices for more than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal a problem with a public health dimension and thus invite the standardization of guidelines with an educational approach to promoting and adopting good sports practices. This report is the first on using mouthguards in high-performance athletes during an international multisport event.
RESUMO
Evaluar la influencia del operador sobre el transporte apical y centrado de la instrumentación endodóntica utilizando WaveOne Gold en canales radiculares simulados de resina acrílica. Se asignaron 32 canales simulados de resina acrílica a dos grupos (n = 16). El grupo 1 conformado por estudiantes inexpertos y el grupo 2 por especialistas en el área de endodoncia. Estos canales se instrumentaron hasta un tamaño apical de 25/07 con lima Primary WaveOne Gold. Para evaluar el transporte apical y el centrado de la instrumentación se utilizaron imágenes fotográficas que fueron analizadas mediante los software de edición de imagen Photoshop e Image J. Además fue registrada la incidencia de fractura de instrumentos. Los datos fueron registrados mediante un formulario Google Forms y analizados mediante el software estadístico R. Se evaluó la normalidad de los dato s mediante el test Shapiro-Wilk y para establecer diferencias entre los grupos se realizó la prueba t. El nivel de significancia estadística fue establecido en p < 0,05. La mayor diferencia al evaluar el centrado se evidenció a nivel de los 6 mm y en cuanto al transporte apical la mayor discrepancia fue a nivel de 1 mm. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos e n ninguno de los puntos evaluados. Se reportó una baja incidencia de fractura de instrumentos. La experiencia del operador no influye en la conformación del canal radicular simulado al evaluar centrado y transporte apical al utilizar limas WaveOne Gold.
To evaluate root canal transportation and centering ability as influenced by operator experience using WaveOne Gold files in simulated acrylic resin root canals. Thirty-two simulated acrylic resin canals were distributed to two groups (n = 16). Group 1 is made up of inexperienced students, and group 2 by specialists in the field of endodontics. These canals were shaped to an apical size of 07/25 with the Primary WaveOne Gold file. Photographic images were used to evaluate apical transport and centering of the instrumentation, which was analyzed using Photoshop and Image J image editing software. File separation was also recorded. The data were recorded using Google Forms and analyzed using the R statistical program. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the t-test was performed to establish differences between the groups. The level of statistical significance was established as p <0.05. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Then statistical significance was analyzed using the T-test. The most remarkable difference when evaluating centering was evident at the 6 mm level. In terms of apical transport, the major discrepancy was at the 1 mm level. However, no significant differences were observed between both groups in any of the points evaluated. A low incidence of instrument fracture was reported. According to our results, the operator's experience does not influence shaping in simulated root canals in terms of centering ability and apical transportation when using WaveOne Gold files.
